Abstracts, or summaries, are taken directly from the published article. If necessary, they are shortened to 250 words (400 words if the article is either 10 pages or longer, or comes from a journal designated a core cancer journal by the National Cancer Institute). Starting in 1989, this field may also contain citations to comments about the article in other publications. Records created before 1975 do not contain abstracts.
$$2
Field: ıAD Address of Author
Example:
ıduke in ad
Contains the address of the authors' affiliation. Records created before 1988 do not contain this field.
$$3
Field: ıAI Abstract Indicator (a limit field; does not display in records)
Example:
ıai=ab
This search strategy can be used to narrow search results to only those records that contain abstracts. When displaying records retrieved by this search, the AI field will not appear.
$$4
Field: ıAN MEDLINE Accession Number (a limit field)
Example:
ı87128877 in an
A unique 8-digit number assigned by NLM to each record added to MEDLINE. The first two digits represent the year of entry.
$$5
Field: ıAU Author(s)
Example:
ıhamilton-ta in au
Authors' names are hyphenated and appear last name first, followed by one or two initials. In records created since 1984, if there are more than 10 authors, the tenth author's name is followed by ıet al. Prior to 1984, all authors were included. The most efficient way to search for an author's name is as a hyphenated, "bound" phrase. To check the exact form of an author's name, select browse index.
$$6
Field: ıCM Comments
Example:
ıN Engl J Med in cm
This field was created to provide a link between an article and subsequent comments about the article when both are from the same journal.
$$7
Field: ıCN Contract or Grant Numbers
Example:
ıhl26343 in cn
Research grant or contract numbers (or both) that designate financial support by any agency of the U.S. Public Health Service or any institute of the National Institutes of Health. Eliminate any spaces, hyphens, or punctuation when searching. Records created before 1981 do not contain this field.
$$8
Field: ıCP Country of Publication (a limit field)
Example:
ıunited-states in cp
The place (usually country) of publication of the journal. Multi-word place names can be searched either as hyphenated phrases, or by one of the individual words.
$$9
Field: ıDI Document Identifier
Example:
ı93abcd123455 in di
This field is a hidden field.
$$10
Field: ıGS Gene Symbol
Example:
ıpyrB in gs
Contains the symbol or abbreviated form of gene names as reported in the literature.
$$11
Field: ıISSN International Standard Serial Number (a limit field)
Example:
ı0735-6757 in issn
An 8-digit code unique to each journal. Include the hyphen between the fourth and fifth digits. Not all records include an ISSN; search the title abbreviation from the ıSO field for more complete results.
$$12
Field: ıLA Language (a limit field)
Example:
ıfrench in la
ınon-english in la
The language of the article. If the language is not English, the word "non-English" appears in this field in addition to the name of the language. Almost all articles indexed in MEDLINE Professional are in English.
$$13
Field: ıMESH Medical Subject Headings
Example:
ıdepressive-disorder* in mesh
Controlled vocabulary terms or subject headings assigned by indexers at NLM, used to group documents on similar topics. Searching ıin mesh retrieves all records containing a heading; searching ıin mjme finds references to articles in which the heading is a central concept. Search as hyphenated, "bound" phrases or as individual words; the most efficient search for a multi-word heading is with hyphens. Truncate with * to retrieve a heading with all possible subheadings. Hyphenate one-word headings, e.g. ıheart- in mesh to limit search to a single-word heading. See ıGuide:Terminology for other important information about MeSH headings.
$$14
Field: ıMIME Minor MESH Headings
Examples:
ıdepressive-disorder* in mime
ısleep-deprivation in mime
Controlled vocabulary terms or subject headings assigned by indexers at NLM, used to group documents on similar topics. Searching ıin mesh retrieves all records containing a heading; searching ıin mjme finds references to articles in which the heading is a central concept. Search as hyphenated, "bound" phrases or as individual words; the most efficient search for a multi-word heading is with hyphens. Truncate with * to retrieve a heading with all possible subheadings. Hyphenate one-word headings, e.g. ıheart- in mesh to limit search to a single-word heading. See ıGuide:Terminology for other important information about MeSH headings.
$$15
Field: ıMJME Major MESH Headings
Example:
ısleep-deprivation in mjme
Controlled vocabulary terms or subject headings assigned by indexers at NLM, used to group documents on similar topics. Searching ıin mesh retrieves all records containing a heading; searching ıin mjme finds references to articles in which the heading is a central concept. Search as hyphenated, "bound" phrases or as individual words; the most efficient search for a multi-word heading is with hyphens. Truncate with * to retrieve a heading with all possible subheadings. Hyphenate one-word headings, e.g. ıheart- in mesh to limit search to a single-word heading. See ıGuide:Terminology for other important information about MeSH headings.
$$16
Field: ıNM Name of Substance
Example:
folic-acid in nm
The NM field contains the name of the (chemical or enzyme) substance in words. Multi-word substances can be searched either as hyphenated "bound" phrases or as individual words.
$$17
Field: ıPS Personal Name as Subject
Example:
ıfreud-s in ps
When an article contains a biographical note or obituary, or is entirely about an individual's life or work, the name(s) of the subject(s) are in this field. Names are hyphenated and appear last name first, followed by one or two initials. The most efficient way to search for a name is as a hyphenated, "bound" phrase. To check the exact form of a name, consult the index.
$$18
Field: ıPT Publication Type
Example:
ıeditorial in pt
Characterize the nature of the information or the manner in which it is conveyed. Some examples of publication types are abstract, monograph, review, etc.
$$19
Field: ıPY Publication Year (a limit field)
Example:
ıpy=1988 or ı1988 in py
ıpy >=1985
ıpy=1988-1989
The year in which the journal issue was published. Can be used to limit your search to a single year or range of years.
$$20
Field: ıRN CAS Registry Number or EC Number
Example:
ı59-30-3 in rn
ı3.1.3.9 in rn
For chemical substances, the ıRN field contains the unique 5- to 9-digit number assigned to the substance by Chemical Abstracts Service. For enzymes, the ıRN field contains the EC number derived from enzyme nomenclature. When searching CAS numbers, include hyphens wherever they occur. Include periods and hyphens in EC number searches, but omit a period if is the last character.
$$21
Field: ıSB Subset (a limit field)
Example:
ıaim in sb
nursing in sb
dental in sb
The word ıaim in this field indicates that the journal is indexed in the abridged edition of ıIndex Medicus. If your library has a small collection of medical journals, combining search terms with ıand aim in sb increases your chances of retrieving items held by the library. The word ınursing appears in this field if the article is from a nursing journal, and the word ıdental appears if the article is from a dental journal.
$$22
Field: ıSH Subheadings
Example:
ıchemistry in sh
Subheadings are removed from the main heading.
$$23
Field: ıSI Secondary Source Indicator
Example:
ıgenbank in si
The format for this field is Databank Abbreviation/Accession Number.
$$24
Field: ıSO Source (Bibliographic Citation)
Example:
ıj-am-dent-assoc in so
ıann-o* in so
This field contains the complete bibliographic citation, including: journal title abbreviation, date of publication, volume number, issue number, and pagination. Only the journal title abbreviation can be searched. It must be searched as a hyphenated, "bound" phrase. Type the complete hyphenated abbreviation exactly as found in the ıINDEX; or truncate with ı*.
$$25
Field: ıTG Checktags (a limit field)
Example:
ıin-vitro in tg
tg=in-vitro
The TG field contains special descriptors called checktags, which are topics of potential interst, regardless of the general topic of the article. Search multi-word checktags with hyphens but excluding other punctuation. The checktags in MEDLINE are:
Animal
Case-Report
Comparative-Study
Female
Human
In-Vitro
Male
Support-Non-US-Govt
Support-US-Govt-Non-PHS
Support-US-Govt-PHS
$$26
Field: ıTI Title
Example:
ıalcoholism in ti
The title of the article. All titles appear in English; titles originally published in a foreign language and translated for MEDLINE are enclosed in brackets.
$$27
Field: ıTO Original Title
Example:
ıproteine in to
For titles published in a foreign language, this field contains the title in the original language. Non-Roman alphabet language titles are transliterated.
$$28
Field: ıUD Update Code (a limit field)
Example:
ı9003 in ud [added March, 1990]
ıud=9003 [same as above]
ıud>9001 [added after Jan., 1990]
ıud=9001-9003 [added between January and March, 1990]
Month of entry into MEDLINE, in YYMM form. Corresponds to the month of publication of the printed ıIndex Medicus.
